Q). Which of the following firewall types provides the most thorough inspection and control of network traffic?

A. Packet-filtering firewall or stateful inspection firewall
B. Application-layer gateway or stateful inspection firewall
C. Application-layer gateway or circuit-level gateway
D. Packet-filtering firewall or circuit-level gateway

Answer: The correct answer is "B". An application-layer gateway, or proxy firewall, and stateful inspection firewalls provides the greatest degree of protection and control. This is because both firewall technologies inspect all seven OSI layers of network traffic. A packet-filtering firewall, also known as a circuit-level gateway, reliably inspects only through OSI Layer 3.

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